If the court has issued a restraining order and the perpetrator has violated this order, he or she may become criminally responsible.
To be held liable under the Penal Code, the perpetrator does not have to commit an actual act of violence, but the violation of a restraining order or other measure of protection imposed by a court decision must pose a danger to the life, health or property of persons, or be repeated, in order to be criminally punishable. The punishment can be up to one year of imprisonment. For example, if the perpetrator keeps threatening the victim by calling or texting if such communication is prohibited by the court decision, this can be considered a violation of the restraining order and be criminally punishable.